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There are many common diseases in Ecuador due to the lack of health care, such as malaria, water-borne diseases, and respiratory infections. The country is divided into four regions with high altitudes and harsh climates. The savagery of the environment makes not only citizens prone to being infected, but tourists as well. Only the richest people in the nation can afford private health care to avoid these problems. This is why Ecuador's Ministry of Public Health created health care policies to try and help those most vulnerable to diseases. == Health Services == The current structure of the Ecuadorian public health care system dates back to 1967.〔Lrrea, Julio. “25 Años de Vida Institucional”, Imprenta del Ministerio de Salud Publica, Quito 2008.〕〔(History of the Ministry of Public Health )〕 The Ministry of Public Health (''Ministerio de Salud Publica del Ecuador'') is responsible for the regulation and creation of public health policies and health care plans. The Minister of Public Health is appointed directly by the President of the republic. David Chiriboga, a specialist and researcher in community medicine,〔(Ministro de Salud Publica Dr. David Chiriboga )〕 was appointed Minister in April 2010 but resigned in January 2012, and was replaced by Carina Vance.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.salud.gob.ec/ministra/ )〕 The philosophy of the Ministry of Public Health is to give social support and services to the most vulnerable populations〔(Program of the Ministry of Public Health - Ecuador )〕 and its main plan of action lies around community health and preventive medicine.〔 The Ecuadorian public health care system permits patients to be treated daily as outpatients in public general hospitals, with no previous appointment, by general practitioners and specialists. This is organized around the four basic specialties of pediatric medicine, gynecology, clinical medicine, and surgery.〔(Public health care network - Ministry of Public Health - Ecuador )〕 Specialty hospitals are also part of the public health care system to target chronic diseases or a particular group of the population. For instance, there are ontological hospitals to treat cancer patients, children's hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, gynecologic and maternity hospitals, geriatric hospitals, ophthalmologic hospitals and gastroenterological hospitals, among others. Although fully equipped general hospitals are found in the major cities or capitals of the provinces, there are basic hospitals in the smaller towns and canton cities for family care consultation and treatment in pediatrics, gynecology, clinical medicine, and surgery.〔 Community health care centers (''Centros de Salud''), or day hospitals, are found inside metropolitan areas of cities and in rural areas. These day hospitals give care to patients whose hospitalization is less than 24 hours.〔 Most of the rural communities in Ecuador have a sizable population of indigenous people; the doctors assigned to those communities, called also “rural doctors," are in charge of small clinics to meet the needs of these patients in the same fashion as the day hospitals in the major cities. The care given in rural hospitals is required to respect the culture of the community.〔 The MSP provides health services to 30 percent of the Ecuadorian population. The Social Security Institute covers 18 percent of the population. Two percent is covered by the Armed Forces. NGO's (Non Governmental Organizations) cover about five percent. Private services cover 20 percent.〔fhttp://users.sbuniv.edu/~ptompkins/Student%20Presentations/Health%20Care%20System%20of%20Ecuador.pdf〕 In 2011 there were 1.7 medical practitioners per 1,000 population.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?order=wbapi_data_value_2011+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-first&sort=asc )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Health in Ecuador」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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